|
The various names used since classical times for the people known today as the Celts are of disparate origins. The name ' and ''ラテン語:Celtae'' is used in Greek and Latin, respectively, as the name of a people of the La Tène horizon in the region of the upper Rhine and Danube during the 6th to 1st centuries BC in Greco-Roman ethnography. The etymology of this name and that of the Gauls ' / ''ラテン語:Galli'' is of uncertain etymology. The name of the Welsh, on the other hand, is taken from the designator used by the Germanic peoples for Celtic- and Latin-speaking peoples, '' *walha-'', meaning foreign. The linguistic sense of the name ''Celts'', grouping all speakers of Celtic languages, is modern. In particular, aside from a 1st-century literary genealogy of ''Celtus'' the grandson of ''Bretannos'' by Heracles, there is no record of the term "Celt" being used in connection with the Insular Celts, the inhabitants of the British Isles during the Iron Age, prior to the 17th century. ==''Celts'', ''Celtae''== The first recorded use of the name of Celts – as – to refer to an ethnic group was by Hecataeus of Miletus, the Greek geographer, in 517 BC, when writing about a people living near Massilia (modern Marseille).〔H. D. Rankin, 〕 In the 5th century BC Herodotus referred to ''Keltoi'' living around the head of the Danube and also in the far west of Europe.〔Herodotus, ''The Histories'', 2.33; 4.49.〕 The etymology of the term ''Keltoi'' is unclear. Possible roots include Indo-European *''k´el''-‘to hide’ (also in Old Irish celid), IE *''k´el''- ‘to heat’ or *''kel''- ‘to impel’.〔John T. Koch (ed.), ''Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia''. 5 vols. 2006, p. 371. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.〕 Several authors have supposed it to be Celtic in origin, while others view it as a name coined by Greeks. Linguist Patrizia De Bernardo Stempel falls in the latter group, and suggests the meaning "the tall ones". 〔P. De Bernardo Stempel 2008. Linguistically Celtic ethnonyms: towards a classification, in ''Celtic and Other Languages in Ancient Europe'', J. L. García Alonso (ed.), 101-118. Ediciones Universidad Salamanca.〕 The Romans preferred the name Gauls (ラテン語:''Galli'') for those Celts whom they first encountered in northern Italy (Cisalpine Gaul). In the first century BC Caesar referred to the Gauls as calling themselves Celts in their own tongue.〔Julius Caesar, ラテン語:''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' 1.1: "All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae live, another in which the Aquitani live, and the third are those who in their own tongue are called Celts (ラテン語:''Celtae''), in our language Gauls (ラテン語:''Galli''). Compare the tribal name of the ラテン語:''Celtici''.〕 According to the 1st-century poet Parthenius of Nicaea, Celtus () was the son of Heracles and Keltine (), the daughter of Bretannus (); this literary genealogy exists nowhere else and was not connected with any known cult.〔Parthenius, ''(Love Stories )'' 2, 30〕 Celtus became the eponymous ancestor of Celts.〔"Celtine, daughter of Bretannus, fell in love with Heracles and hid away his kine (the cattle of Geryon) refusing to give them back to him unless he would first content her. From Celtus the Celtic race derived their name." 〕 In Latin ラテン語:''Celta'' came in turn from Herodotus' word for the Gauls, . The Romans used ラテン語:''Celtae'' to refer to continental Gauls, but apparently not to Insular Celts. The latter are divided linguistically into Goidels and Brythons. The name ''Celtiberi'' is used by Diodorus Siculus in the 1st century BC, of a people which he considered a mixture of ''Celtae'' and ''Iberi''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Names of the Celts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|